Phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive ultrasonic attenuation in three-dimensional synthetic cancellous bone

Kang Il Lee

doi:10.7776/ASK.2026.45.5.551

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2026 Vol.45, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive ultrasonic attenuation in three-dimensional synthetic cancellous bone 3차원 합성 해면골에서 위상 민감 및 위상 비민감 초음파 감쇠

30 September 2026. pp. 551-556

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Abstract

Phase cancellation during coherent aperture averaging can influence Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) measured in cancellous bone, but its contribution to attenuation variability among structures with similar bone quantity remains unclear. This study compared Phase-Sensitive (PS) and Phase-Insensitive (PI) attenuation in 120 three-dimensional synthetic cancellous-bone models comprising 30 bone volume fraction (BV/TV) strata with four independently generated morphologies per stratum. Three-dimensional elastic-wave propagation was simulated at a center frequency of 500 kHz, and transmitted radiofrequency signals were recorded using a 21 × 21 receiver array. PS attenuation was calculated by coherent averaging of complex spectra, whereas PI attenuation was calculated by averaging spectral power across receivers. Normalized BUA (nBUA) was determined from linear fits from 300 kHz to 700 kHz. PS-nBUA was greater than PI-nBUA (39.04 ± 9.84 versus 30.55 ± 4.91 dB/cm/MHz; p < 0.001). PI-nBUA was more strongly correlated with BV/TV than PS-nBUA. Within the BV/TV strata, the mean standard deviation was 7.95 dB/cm/MHz for PS-nBUA and 3.71 dB/cm/MHz for PI-nBUA (p < 0.001). PI attenuation also showed greater spectral linearity from 300 kHz to 700 kHz. These findings indicate that PS attenuation exhibits greater variability than PI attenuation among cancellous-bone structures with similar bone quantity and that inter-receiver phase cancellation during coherent aperture averaging is associated with attenuation variability not explained by bone quantity alone.

Keywords

Cancellous bone

Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA)

Phase cancellation

Bone volume fraction

결맞음 개구 평균에서 발생하는 위상 상쇄는 해면골에서 측정되는 광대역 초음파 감쇠(Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, BUA)에 영향을 미칠 수 있으나, 유사한 골량을 갖는 구조 사이의 감쇠 변동성에 미치는 영향은 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 30개의 골체적분율(bone volume fraction, BV/TV) 구간과 각 구간당 독립적으로 생성된 4개의 미세구조로 구성된 총 120개의 3차원 합성 해면골 모델에서 위상 민감(Phase-Sensitive, PS) 및 위상 비민감(Phase-Insensitive, PI) 감쇠를 비교하였다. 중심주파수 500 kHz에서 3차원 탄성파 전파를 모사하고, 21 × 21 수신기 배열에서 투과신호를 획득하였다. PS 감쇠는 복소 스펙트럼의 결맞음 평균으로, PI 감쇠는 수신기별 스펙트럼 파워의 평균으로 계산하였으며, 300 kHz ~ 700 kHz에서의 선형 적합으로 정규화 광대역 초음파 감쇠(normalized BUA, nBUA)를 구하였다. PS-nBUA는 PI-nBUA보다 유의하게 컸다(39.04 ± 9.84 대 30.55 ± 4.91 dB/cm/MHz; p < 0.001). PI-nBUA는 PS-nBUA보다 BV/TV와 더 강한 상관을 보였다. BV/TV 구간 내 평균 표준편차는 PS-nBUA에서 7.95 dB/cm/MHz, PI-nBUA에서 3.71 dB/cm/MHz로 PS에서 유의하게 컸다(p < 0.001). 또한 300 kHz ~ 700 kHz에서 PI 감쇠는 PS 감쇠보다 높은 선형성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 유사한 골량을 갖는 해면골 구조에서 PS 감쇠가 PI 감쇠보다 큰 변동성을 보이며, 결맞음 개구 평균에서의 수신기 간 위상 상쇄가 골량만으로 설명되지 않는 감쇠 변동성과 관련됨을 보여준다.

키워드

해면골

광대역 초음파 감쇠(Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, BUA)

위상 상쇄

골체적분율

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Information

Publisher :The Acoustical Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국음향학회
Journal Title :The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
Journal Title(Ko) :한국음향학회지
Volume : 45
No :5
Pages :551-556
Received Date : 2026-09-07
Revised Date : 2026-09-14
Accepted Date : 2026-09-15
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7776/ASK.2026.45.5.551

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of KoreaISSN:1225-4428(Print) 2287-3775(Online)한국음향학회

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