All Issue

2014 Vol.33, Issue 3 Preview Page
Development of Range-Dependent Ray Model for Sonar Simulator

소나 시뮬레이터용 거리 종속 음선 모델 개발

Young-Cheol Jung1
,
Keunhwa Lee2
,
Woojae Seong1*
,
Hyoung-Rok Kim3
정 영철1
,
이 근화2
,
성 우제1*
,
김 형록3
1Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University
1서울대학교 조선해양공학과
2서울대학교 해양시스템공학연구소
3국방과학연구소 제6기술연구본부
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
31 May 2014. pp. 163-173
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Sound propagation algorithm for a sonar simulator is required to run in real-time and should be able to model the range and depth dependence of the Korean ocean environments. Ray model satisfies these requirements and we developed an algorithm for range-dependent ocean environments. In this algorithm, we considered depth-dependence of sound speed through rays based on a rectangular cell method and layer method. Range-dependence of sound speed was implemented based on a split-step method in the range direction. Eigen-ray is calculated through an interpolation of ray bundles and Gaussian interpolation function was used. The received time signal of sonar was simulated by Fourier transform of eigen-ray solution in the frequency domain. Finally, for the verification of proposed algorithm, we compared the results of transmission loss with other validated models such as BELLHOP, SNUPE, KRAKEN and OASES, for the Pekeris waveguide, wedge, and deep ocean environments. As a result, we obtained satisfactory agreements among them.

Keywords
Passive sonar
Simulator
Sound propagation model
Ray model

소나 시뮬레이터에 적용되는 음파 전달 알고리즘은 빠른 계산 성능이 요구되며, 한국 해양 환경의 특성을 고려하여 거리와 깊이 방향의 환경 의존성을 구현할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 요구사항을 충족하는 음파 전달 알고리즘은 음선 모델이며, 본 논문에서는 거리 종속 해양환경의 음선 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 알고리즘에서는 사각 격자법과 층법으로 음선을 추적하여 음속 구조의 깊이 방향 의존성을 고려하였으며, 거리 방향은 split-step 개념을 적용하여 음속구조의 거리 방향 의존성을 구현하였다. 고유음선은 음선 묶음의 보간법을 통해 계산되었으며, 가우시안 보간 함수가 적용되었다. 소나의 시계열 수신 신호는 음원 신호와 고유 음선 주파수 해의 푸리에 변환을 이용하여 모의되었다. 최종적으로 제안된 음파 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 Pekeris 도파관, 쐐기, 심해의 환경에서 전달손실 결과를 BELLHOP, SNUPE, KRAKEN, OASES 등 검증된 모델의 결과와 비교하였으며, 결과적으로 만족스런 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

키워드
수동 소나
시뮬레이터
음전달모델
음선모델
References
1
1.D. McCammon, “Active sonar modeling with emphasis on sonar simulators,” DRDC Atlantic report, CR 2004-130 (2004).
2
2.R. J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975), pp. 1-30.
3
3.S. K. An, Development of a passive sonar simulator based on ray model, (Master’s thesis, Seoul National University, 2011).
4
4.B. U. Kim, Noise simulation and interference pattern analysis for submarine passive sonar, (Master’s thesis, Seoul National University, 2013).
5
5.M. J. Buckingham, “Ocean-acoustic propagation models,” J. Acoustique. 3, 223-287 (1992).
6
6.F. B. Jensen, W. A. Kuperman, M. B. Porter and H. Schmidt, Computational Ocean Acoustics (Springer, New York, 2011), pp. 100-103.
7
7.K. H. Cha, J. S. Kim and W. J. Seong, “A study on benchmark of wave propagation model” (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. Suppl. 1(s) 18, 206-209 (1999).
8
8.P. C. Etter, Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation (Springer, New York, 2013), pp. 100-103.
9
9.P. C. Etter, “Recent advances in underwater acoustic modelling and simulation,” J. Sound Vib. 240, 351-383 (2001).
10
10.J. A. Theriault and D. D. Dellis, “Shallow-water low frequency active sonar modelling issues,” Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE Oceans ’97 Conference, 672-678 (1997).
11
11.R. P. Goddard, “The sonar simulation toolset, release 4.1: science, mathematics, and algorithms,” APL-UW technical report, (2005).
12
12.G. A. Deschamps, “Gaussian beam as a bundle of complex rays,” Elect. Lett. 7, 1-2 (1971).
13
13.M. V. Porter and H. P. Bucker, “Gaussian beam tracing for computing ocean acoustic fields,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1349-1359 (1987).
14
14.H. Weinberg and R. E. Keenan, “Gaussian ray bundles for modeling high-frequency propagation loss under shallow- water condition,” J. A coust. Soc. Am. 100, 1421-1431 (1996).
15
15.C. Park, T. Cho, J. Ahn and W. Seong, “A study on the ray based broad band modeling for shallow water acoustic wave propagations” (in Korean) J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. 25, 298-304 (2006).
16
16.K. H. Lee, Y. C. Chu, S. I. Kim, W. J. Seong, “A broad-band ray model using gaussian interpolation” (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. Suppl. 1(s) 29, 110-112 (2010).
17
17.G. H. Brooke, D. F. McCammon, P. M. Giles, S. E. Dosso and M. Morley, “Comparison between BELHOP and PECAN for range-dependent bathymetry:errors arising in BELLHOP,” DRDC Atlantic CR 2007-104 (2007).
18
18.P. A. Baxley, H. Bucker and M. B. Porter, “Comparison of beam tracing algorithms,” In proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (2000).
19
19.General description of the BELLHOP ray tracing program, http://www.oalib.hlsresearch. com/rays/generaldescription. pdf, 2008.
20
20.K. Lee, “2D two-way parabolic equation algorithm using successive single scattering approach” (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. 25, 339-345 (2006).
21
21.H. Schimidt, “SAFARI user’s guide,” SR-113, SACLANCEAN (1988).
22
22.H. Schimidt, “OASES user’s guide and reference manual,” MIT (1997).
23
23.M. B. Porter, “The KRAKEN normal mode code,” SACLANT Undersea Research Centre memorandum SM-245, (1991).
24
24.M. B. Porter, “The KRAKEN normal mode program,” SACLANT Undersea Research (memorandum), San Bartolomeo, Italy, (1991).
Information
  • Publisher :The Acoustical Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국음향학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국음향학회지
  • Volume : 33
  • No :3
  • Pages :163-173
  • Received Date : 2013-12-04
  • Accepted Date : 2014-04-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7776/ASK.2014.33.3.163
Journal Informaiton The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
E-Book
  • scopus_JASK
  • ESCI_JASK
  • Google scholar_JASK
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close