A result of prolonged monitoring underwater sound speed in the center of the Yellow Sea

Bum-Jun Kil

doi:10.7776/ASK.2021.40.3.183

All Issue

2021 Vol.40, Issue 3 Next Page

Research Article

A result of prolonged monitoring underwater sound speed in the center of the Yellow Sea 황해 중앙부에서 수중음속의 장기간 모니터링 결과

31 May 2021. pp. 183-191

PDF XML

Abstract

A time-series variation of temperature, salinity, and underwater sound speed was analyzed using an Array for Real–time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) float which autonomously collects temperature and salinity for about 10month with 2 days cycle among 12 floats in the center of the Yellow Sea. As a result, the underwater sound channel appeared below the thermocline as the surface sound channel, which is dominant in the winter season, reduced in April. Besides, for a certain time in the spring season, the sound ray reflected the sea surface frequently due to the short-term temperature inversion effect. Based on the case of successful observation of ARGO float in the shallow water, using prolonged monitoring unmanned platform may contribute to predicting sound transmission loss if the temperature inversion and sound channel including background environment focusing are investigated in the center of the Yellow Sea.

Keywords

Array for Real–time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) float

Underwater sound speed

Sound channel

Temperature inversion effect

황해에 투하된 기상청 무인해양관측기기인 Array for Real–time Geostrophic Oceanography(ARGO) 플로트 12기 중 황해 중앙부에서 약 10개월간 자율적으로 이동하며 2일 주기로 심도별 수온, 염분을 측정한 1개의 플로트를 대상으로 수온, 염분과 수중음속의 시계열 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 동계 표층음파통로가 전체심도에 걸쳐 형성 후 수온약층이 발달되는 4월부터 그 두께가 축소하면서 수중음파통로가 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 표층음파통로가 지속되는 중 단기간 형성된 수온역전의 영향으로 음파통로에서의 음선경로가 수온역전이 발생하지 않을 때 보다 해수면 반사가 증가되어 나타났다. 천해에서 성공적으로 자료를 수집한 ARGO 플로트의 운용사례를 바탕으로 장기간 관측이 가능한 무인 플랫폼을 황해 중앙부에 집중 운용하여 주변 환경요소를 포함한 수온역전 및 음파통로의 규모변화를 관찰한다면 음파전달 손실 예측이 용이할 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

Array for Real–time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) 플로트

수중음속

음파통로

수온역전 현상

References

Y. H. Yun, Y. H. Park, and J. H. Bong, "Enlightenment of the characteristics of the Yellow Sea bottom cold water and its southward extension" (in Korean), J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc. 12, 25-37 (1991).

H. Song, C. Cho, W. Hodgkiss, S. Nam, S. M. Kim, and B. N. Kim, "Underwater sound channel in the northeastern East China Sea," Ocean Eng. 147, 370- 374 (2018). 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.10.045

P. C. Chu, C. Cintron, S. D. Haeger, and R. E. Keenan, "Acoustic mine detection using the Navy's CASS-GRAB," Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Technology and Mine Problem, Soc. 1-10(2002).

H. J. Kim, H. J. Yun, and S. G. Yang, "Inversion phenomena of temperature in the Yellow Sea" (in Korean), Bull. Korean Fish. Tech. Soc. 18, 91-96 (1982).

H. J. Lie, C. H. Cho, and K. T. Jung, "Occurrence of large temperature inversion in the thermohaline frontal zone at the Yellow Sea entrance in winter and its relation to advection," J. Geophys. Res.Oceans, 120, 417-435 (2015). 10.1002/2014JC010653

S. H. Kim, B. N. Kim, E. Kim, and B. K. Choi, "Effects of water temperature inversion layer on underwater sound propagation in the East China Sea," Proc. Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics, 2P6-2 (2016).

S. H. Kim, B. N. Kim, B. K. Choi, and E. Kim, "Comparison of acoustic wave propagation patterns according to the shape of water temperature inversion layer," Proc. Korean Soc. Noise Vib. Eng. 296(2017).

R. Oh, Y. Kim, H. R. Kim, J. W. Choi, and W. K. Kim, "Analysis of detection performance of hull mounted sonar in sound-speed inversion layer in the Yellow Sea" (in Korean), Proc. KIMST Annual Conf. 345(2019).

N. Jeong, B. Natsagdor, and H. Jung, "LTE based high- speed maritime wireless communication (LTE-M) router system" (in Korean), J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng. 22, 542-547 (2018).

T. G. Jung, H. L. Ko, Y. H. Cho, and T. H. Im, "Underwater communication system implementation for underwater objects internet" (in Korean), Proc. KICS Winter Conf. 1241-1242 (2019).

S. H. Byun, S. M. Kim, and Y. K. Lim, " Long-range sound transmission characteristics in shallow-water channel with thermocline" (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. 33, 273-281 (2014). 10.7776/ASK.2014.33.5.273

K. H. Oh, Assessment of profiles and intermediate to deep level circulation of the southern part of the East Sea from Argo floats, (Ph.D. thesis, Jeju National University, 2005).

K. Kim, Y. B. Kim, J. J. Park, S. Nam, K. A. Park, and K. I. Chang, "Long-term and real-time monitoring system of the East/Japan Sea" (in Korean), Ocean Sci. J. 40, 25-44 (2005). 10.1007/BF03023463

J. J. Park,"Underwater glider: Its applicability in the East/Japan Sea" (in Korean), Ocean Polar Res. 35, 107- 121 (2013). 10.4217/OPR.2013.35.2.107

K. T. Seong, J. D. Hwang, I. S. Han, W. J. Go, Y. S. Suh, and J. Y. Lee, "Characteristic for long-term trends of temperature in the Korean waters" (in Korean), J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Saf. 16, 353-360 (2010).

ARGO NIMS, http://argo.nims.go.kr/argo3/argo-nims. html?lang=kr, (Last viewed February 1, 2021).

H. Medwin, "Speed of sound in water: A simple equation for realistic parameters," J. Acoust. Soc.Am. 58, 1318-1319(1975). 10.1121/1.380790

R. P. Hodges, Underwater Acoustics: Analysis, Design and Performance of Sonar (John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, 2010), Chap. 5. 10.1002/9780470665244

Underwater Acoustics and Sonar Signal Processing, http://homepages.hs-bremen.de/~krausd/iwss/USP1.pdf, (Last viewed January 31, 2021).

S. H. Kim, "Characteristics of water temperature inversion observed in a region west of Jeju Island in April 2015" (in Korean), Ocean Polar Res. 42, 97-113 (2020).

M. B. Porter, The BELLHOP Manual and User's Guide: PRELIMINARY DRAFT (Heat, Light, and Sound Research, Inc, La Jolla, 2011), Chap. 2.

S. T. Jang, J. H. Lee, C. H. Kim, C. J. Jang, and Y. S. Jang, "Movement of cold water mass in the northern East China Sea in summer" (in Korean), J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr. 16, 1-13 (2011). 10.7850/jkso.2011.16.1.001

D. Y. Jeong, S. M. Kim, S. H. Byun, and Y. K. Lim, "A study on the characteristics of underwater sound transmission by short-term variation of sound speed profiles in shallow-water channel with thermocline" (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. 34, 20-35 (2015). 10.7776/ASK.2015.34.1.020

J. Hao, Y. Chen, and F. Wang, "Temperature inversion in China seas," J. Geophys. Res. Oceans. 115, C12025 (2010). 10.1029/2010JC006297

S. Nam, Y. B. Kim, J. J. Park, and K. I. Chang, "Status and prospect of unmanned, global ocean observations network" (in Korean), J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr. 19, 202-214 (2014). 10.7850/jkso.2014.19.3.202

R. Pinkel, M. A. Goldin, J. A. Smith, O. M. Sun, A. A. Aja, M. N. Bui, and T. Hughen, "The wirewalker: A vertically profiling instrument carrier powered by ocean waves," J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 28, 426- 435 (2011). 10.1175/2010JTECHO805.1

A. J. Lucas, R. Pinkel, and M. Alford, "Ocean wave energy for long endurance, broad bandwidth ocean monitoring," Oceanogr. 30, 126-127 (2017). 10.5670/oceanog.2017.232

H. Kwon, J. Kim, J.W. Choi, D. Kang, S. Cho, S.K. Jung, and K. Park, "Spatial coherence analysis of underwater ambient noise measured at the Yellow Sea" (in Korean), J. Acoust. Soc. Kr. 34, 432-443 (2015). 10.7776/ASK.2015.34.6.432

T. Moh, N. Jang, S. Jang, and J. H. Cho, "Application of a winch-type towed acoustic sensor to a wave- powered unmanned surface vehicle," Def. Sci. J. 67, 125 (2017). 10.14429/dsj.67.10577

Y. B. Son, T. Moh, S. K. Jung, J. D. Hwnag, H. Oh, S. H. Kim, J. H. Ryu, and J. H. Cho, "Status of ocean observation using wave glider" (in Korean), KJRS. 34, 419-429 (2018).

Information

Publisher :The Acoustical Society of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국음향학회
Journal Title :The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
Journal Title(Ko) :한국음향학회지
Volume : 40
No :3
Pages :183-191
Received Date : 2021-03-02
Revised Date : 2021-03-22
Accepted Date : 2021-03-23
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7776/ASK.2021.40.3.183

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea ISSN:1225-4428(Print) 2287-3775(Online) 한국음향학회지

All Issue